Received 2023-10-17

Revised 2023-12-12

Accepted 2024-02-05

Dear Editor,

Telemedicine, or the use of technology to provide remote medical care, has the potential to revolutionize the method of delivering healthcare services, particularly in areas where access to medical care is limited [1]. Currently, telemedicine systems are gaining popularity in the world, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages (Table-1). We have tried to point out the most important advantages and problems of these systems and specify the possible solutions.

One of the key benefits of telemedicine is that it can help to overcome geographical barriers to healthcare [2]. In rural or remote areas, for instance, patients may need to travel long distances to access medical care, which can be both time-consuming and expensive [3]. Hence, telemedicine can overcome this issue by allowing patients to consult with healthcare providers remotely, using video conferencing, phone calls, or other digital communication tools [4].

Another benefit of telemedicine is that it can help to improve access to specialist care [5]. In many areas, there may be a lack of specialists in certain fields, such as cardiology or neurology. Telemedicine can help to connect patients with these specialists, regardless of their location, allowing them to receive the care they need from long distances [6]. Also, telemedicine can help to improve access to healthcare for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly or those with disabilities [7]. These patients may face challenges in accessing medical care due to movement disorders or other health concerns [8]. Hence, telemedicine could overcome these barriers by allowing patients to consult with healthcare providers from the comfort of their own homes.

Reducing the cost of healthcare is one of the most significant advantages of telemedicine [9]. Indeed, by providing remote medical care, the need for patients to travel to medical facilities. Additionally, telemedicine decreases the need for hospitalizations and emergency room visits, which can be costly for both patients and healthcare providers [10]. In addition, it can improve patient outcomes by providing more timely access to medical care [11]. Indeed, in many cases, patients may delay seeking medical care due to the inconvenience or expense of traveling to a medical facility. With telemedicine, patients can consult with healthcare providers more quickly and easily, allowing them to receive the care they need before their condition worsens [12].

Another benefit of telemedicine is enhanced patient engagement and satisfaction. By providing remote medical care, telemedicine can help to make healthcare more convenient and accessible for patients, which can improve their overall experience [13]. Additionally, telemedicine can help to improve patient education and self-management, allowing patients to take a more active role in their own healthcare [14].

Telemedicine may provide healthcare delivery in emergencies. In the event of a natural disaster or other emergency, telemedicine could provide medical care to patients who may not be able to access medical facilities due to road closures or other issues [15].

Despite the many benefits of telemedicine, some challenges must be addressed. One of the most important challenges is ensuring that patients have access to the necessary technology [16]. In many areas, patients may not have access to high-speed internet or other digital communication tools, which can limit their ability to use telemedicine [17].

Another challenge is ensuring that healthcare providers are trained in the use of telemedicine. Many healthcare providers may not be familiar with the technology or may not have the necessary equipment to provide remote medical care [18]. Additionally, healthcare providers may need to be trained in new skills, such as conducting virtual exams or interpreting remote diagnostic tests [19].

However, telemedicine cannot replace all in-person consultations, as certain medical conditions require physical examination or procedures that cannot be performed remotely [20]. It is crucial to make a balance between telemedicine and in-person care to provide comprehensive and holistic healthcare services.

Ethical considerations also arise in telemedicine, including patient privacy and medical data security [21]. Robust telemedicine platforms must adhere to strict data protection regulations and ensure secure transmission and storage of patient information.

Despite these challenges, telemedicine has immense potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery and improve access to care [22]. Continued research and development are necessary to optimize telemedicine platforms and address existing limitations. Also, policy development is crucial to ensure reimbursement for telemedicine services, remove regulatory barriers, and establish standards to ensure safe and effective practice.

In conclusion, telemedicine has significant implications for improving access to healthcare by expanding access for underserved populations, facilitating timely care, and enhancing convenience. While challenges exist, addressing technological barriers and ethical considerations will enable the widespread adoption of telemedicine. With further research, policy development, and collaboration between healthcare providers and technology experts, telemedicine can play a transformative role in ensuring equal distribution of access to healthcare for all. [GMJ.2024;13:e3214] DOI:3214

Conflict of Interest

All the authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Keywords

Telemedicine; Technology; Healthcare

GMJ Copyright© 2024, Galen Medical Journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Email:gmj@salviapub.com

 Correspondence to: Fateme Shariati Far, Department of Nursing, Student Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Internal-surgery Trend, Iran. Telephone Number: 09122482350 Email Address: fatemehshariatifar@gmail.com

GMJ.2024;13:e3214

www.salviapub.com

Halili A, et al.

Telemedicine and Healthcare

2	GMJ.2024;13:e3214 www.salviapub.com

Table 1. Most Popular Telemedicine Services

Services	Description (s)	Platforms
Amwell	-It offers online doctor visits, providing 24/7 access to primary care physicians and specialists. -Patients can receive medical advice, prescriptions, and follow-up care via video consultations.	Web, iOS, Android
Teladoc	-It is a telemedicine platform that connects patients to licensed healthcare providers who can diagnose, treat, and prescribe medications for various non-emergency medical conditions. -It covers a broad range of specialties, including general medicine, mental health, and dermatology.	Web, iOS, Android
Doctor On Demand	-It provides video consultations with doctors, therapists, and psychiatrists. -It offers services for general medical concerns, mental health support, and chronic condition management. -Appointments can be scheduled or accessed on-demand in some regions	Web, iOS, Android
MDLIVE	-It allows patients to consult with board-certified doctors and pediatricians via video or phone calls. -It covers a wide range of medical issues, including routine illnesses, dermatology, and behavioral health. -The platform facilitates prescription delivery to local pharmacies.	Web, iOS, Android
PlushCare	-It offers virtual visits with primary care physicians and specialists. -Patients can receive consultations, diagnoses, prescriptions, and lab testing referrals. -The platform features same-day appointments and the ability to communicate with providers via secure messaging.	Web, iOS, Android
LiveHealth Online	-It connects patients with healthcare professionals for non-emergency medical conditions. -It enables video visits with doctors, pediatricians, therapists, and psychiatrists. -The service includes options for prescription refills and therapist follow-ups.	Web, iOS, Android

Telemedicine and Healthcare

Halili A, et al.

GMJ.2024;13:e3214 www.salviapub.com

3

References

1. Haleem A, Javaid M, Singh RP, Suman R. Telemedicine for healthcare: Capabilities, features, barriers, and applications. Sens Int. 2021:2:100117.
2. Khemapech I, Sansrimahachai W, Toachoodee M. Telemedicine–meaning, challenges and opportunities. Siriraj medical journal. 2019;71(3):246-52.
3. Khayru RK, Issalillah F. The Equal Distribution of Access to Health Services Through Telemedicine: Applications and Challenges. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology. 2022;2(3):24-30.
4. Hartasanchez SA, Heen AF, Kunneman M, García-Bautista A, Hargraves IG, Prokop LJ, May CR, Montori VM. Remote shared decision making through telemedicine: a systematic review of the literature. Patient education and counseling. 2022 Feb 1;105(2):356-65.
5. Simko A, Han SH, Aldana PR. Telemedicine: providing access to care in pediatric neurosurgery to underserved communities. World Neurosurg. 2020; 138: 556–7.
6. Hatcher-Martin JM, Adams JL, Anderson ER, Bove R, Burrus TM, Chehrenama M, et al. Telemedicine in neurology: telemedicine work group of the American Academy of Neurology update. Neurology. 2020;94(1):30-8.
7. Petretto DR, Gaviano L, Carrogu GP, Berti R, Pinna M, Pili R. Telemedicine: Issues in the Analysis of Its Use in Elderly People and in People with Disabilities, According to the Perspective of the Clinical Psychology of Disability. Geriatrics (Basel). 2022;8(1):5.
8. Bashshur RL, Bashshur MJ, Krupinski EA. Telemedicine, precision medicine, and regionalization. Telemed J E Health. 2022;28(5):599-601.
9. Atmojo JT, Sudaryanto WT, Widiyanto A, Ernawati E, Arradini D. Telemedicine, cost effectiveness, and patients satisfaction: a systematic review. J Health Policy Manag. 2020;5(2):103-7.
10. Lyth J, Lind L, Persson HL, Wiréhn AB. Can a telemonitoring system lead to decreased hospitalization in elderly patients? J Telemed Telecare. 2021;27(1):46-53.
11. Graetz I, Huang J, Muelly E, Gopalan A, Reed ME. Primary care visits are timelier when patients choose telemedicine: a cross-sectional observational study. Telemed J E Health. 2022;28(9):1374-8.
12. Ellis MJ, Russell K. The potential of telemedicine to improve pediatric concussion care in rural and remote communities in Canada. Front Neurol. 2019:10:840.
13. Zhang S, Brown T, Weiss S, Ruvalcaba E, David M, Boorman E, et al. Telemedicine has acceptable usability and high satisfaction in patients with sickle cell disease. Blood. 2021;138:2982.
14. Mason AN. The most important telemedicine patient satisfaction dimension: Patient-centered care. Telemed J E Health. 2022;28(8):1206-14.
15. Tsou C, Robinson S, Boyd J, Jamieson A, Blakeman R, Yeung J, et al. Effectiveness of telehealth in rural and remote emergency departments: systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(11):e30632.
16. Lopez AM, Lam K, Thota R. Barriers and facilitators to telemedicine: can you hear me now?. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2021:41:25-36.
17. Drake C, Zhang Y, Chaiyachati KH, Polsky D. The limitations of poor broadband internet access for telemedicine use in rural America: an observational study. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171(5):382-4.
18. Yellowlees PM. Successfully developing a telemedicine system. J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11(7):331-5.
19. Romanick-Schmiedl S, Raghu G. Telemedicine—Maintaining quality during times of transition. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):45.
20. Bergrath S, Czaplik M, Rossaint R, Hirsch F, Beckers SK, Valentin B, et al. Implementation phase of a multicentre prehospital telemedicine system to support paramedics: feasibility and possible limitations. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2013:21:54.
21. Chaet D, Clearfield R, Sabin JE, Skimming K; Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs American Medical Association. Ethical practice in telehealth and telemedicine. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(10):1136-40.
22. Kim T, Zuckerman JE. Realizing the potential of telemedicine in global health. J Glob Health. 2019;9(2):020307.

Halili A, et al.

Telemedicine and Healthcare

4	GMJ.2024;13:e3214 www.salviapub.com