Self-Care Management, Patient Education, and Nursing Support in Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension
Self-care Management in Diabetes and Hypertension
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v13i.3166Keywords:
Self-Care; Diabetes; Hypertension; Education; LifestyleAbstract
Diabetes and related complications such as hypertension are considered major public health issues throughout the world as they are the most important causes of death and disability and cause huge economic implications for both patients and the public health system. Sufficient management of these complications along with novel patient education and self-care strategies are documented as ideal approaches able to postpone the onset of morbidity and disability and thereby delay the onset of preventable costs. However, contradictions regarding the efficacy of the studied self-care strategies are mentioned, thereby the current study aimed to review self-care strategies as a preventive approach to disease management and improving clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and hypertension. The findings revealed that self-care through patient education with nursing support can improve medication adherence and lifestyle. However, clinical outcomes have revealed relative inconsistencies that require further studies.
References
de-Graft Aikins A, Kushitor M, Koram K, Gyamfi S, Ogedegbe G. Chronic non-communicable diseases and the challenge of universal health coverage: insights from community-based cardiovascular disease research in urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. BMC public health. 2014;14(2):1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-S2-S3
PMid:25082497 PMCid:PMC4120153
Heine M, Lategan F, Erasmus M, Lombaard CM, Mc Carthy N, Olivier J et al. Health education interventions to promote health literacy in adults with selected non-communicable diseases living in low-to-middle income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice. 2021;27(6):1417-28.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13554
PMid:33749092
Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2014;103(2):137-49.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002
PMid:24630390
Federation ID. About diabetes. Facts & Figures: International Diabetes Federation; Available from: https://idf.org/about-diabetes/diabetes-facts-figures/. 2023.
WHO. Hypertension. World Health Organisation: World Health Organisation; Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension. 2023.
Kansra P, Oberoi S. Cost of diabetes and its complications: results from a STEPS survey in Punjab, India. Global Health Research and Policy. 2023;8(1):1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-023-00293-3
PMid:37029445 PMCid:PMC10080818
Liu J, Liu M, Chai Z, Li C, Wang Y, Shen M et al. Projected rapid growth in diabetes disease burden and economic burden in China: a spatio-temporal study from 2020 to 2030. The Lancet Regional Health-Western Pacific. 2023;33:100700.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100700
PMid:36817869 PMCid:PMC9932123
Okafor CN, Obikeze E, Young E, Onwujekwe O. Economic Burden of Diabetes and Hypertension: A Study of Direct and Indirect Cost of Treatment in Southeast Nigeria. International Journal of Social Determinants of Health and Health Services. 2023;53(2):168-75.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00207314221134035
PMid:36285454
Lopes M, Ramsey S, Pantalone K, Li Q, Singh R, Du Y et al. CO84 Real-World Assessment of All-Cause and Cardiovascular-Related Inpatient Readmissions, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients with and without Chronic Kidney Disease. Value in Health. 2023;26(6):S30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.03.158
Morton JI, Marquina C, Shaw JE, Liew D, Polkinghorne KR, Ademi Z, Magliano DJ. Projecting the incidence and costs of major cardiovascular and kidney complications of type 2 diabetes with widespread SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA use: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Diabetologia. 2023;66(4):642-56.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05832-0
PMid:36404375 PMCid:PMC9947091
Bellary S, Kyrou I, Brown JE, Bailey CJ. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: clinical considerations and management. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2021;17(9):534-48.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00512-2
PMid:34172940
Priyadi A, Muhtadi A, Suwantika AA, Sumiwi SA. An economic evaluation of diabetes mellitus management in South East Asia. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research| Apr-Jun. 2019;9(2):53-74.
Lall D, Prabhakaran D. Organization of primary health care for diabetes and hypertension in high, low and middle income countries. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 2014;12(8):987-95.
https://doi.org/10.1586/14779072.2014.928591
PMid:24934722
Riegel B, Westland H, Iovino P, Barelds I, Slot JB, Stawnychy MA et al. Characteristics of self-care interventions for patients with a chronic condition: A scoping review. International journal of nursing studies. 2021;116:103713.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103713
PMid:32768137
Coleman K, Austin BT, Brach C, Wagner EH. Evidence on the chronic care model in the new millennium. Health affairs. 2009;28(1):75-85.
https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.75
PMid:19124857 PMCid:PMC5091929
Care D. Standards of medical care in diabetes 2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Suppl 1):S124-38.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S011
PMid:30559237
Bodenheimer T, Wagner EH, Grumbach K. Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness. Jama. 2002;288(14):1775-9.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.14.1775
PMid:12365965
Lall D, Engel N, Srinivasan PN, Devadasan N, Horstman K, Criel B. Improving primary care for diabetes and hypertension: findings from implementation research in rural South India. BMJ open. 2020;10(12):e040271.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040271
PMid:33323433 PMCid:PMC7745330
de Silva D. Evidence. helping people help themselves: the health foundation inspiring improvement; 2011.
Jones F, Poestges H, Brimicombe L. Building Bridges between healthcare professionals, patients and families: A coproduced and integrated approach to self-management support in stroke. NeuroRehabilitation. 2016;39(4):471-80.
https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-161379
PMid:27689607
Werfalli M, Raubenheimer PJ, Engel M, Musekiwa A, Bobrow K, Peer N et al. The effectiveness of peer and community health worker-led self-management support programs for improving diabetes health-related outcomes in adults in low-and-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews. 2020;9(1):1-19.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01377-8
PMid:32505214 PMCid:PMC7275531
Shahin W, Kennedy GA, Stupans I. The association between social support and medication adherence in patients with hypertension: A systematic review. Pharmacy Practice (Granada). 2021;19(2): 2300.
https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2021.2.2300
PMid:34221197 PMCid:PMC8234709
Sanya RE, Johnston ES, Kibe P, Werfalli M, Mahone S, Levitt NS et al. Effectiveness of self-financing patient-led support groups in the management of hypertension and diabetes in low-and middle-income countries: Systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2023;28(2):80-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13842
PMid:36518014 PMCid:PMC10107175
Jonkman NH, Westland H, Groenwold RH, Ågren S, Atienza F, Blue L et al. Do self-management interventions work in patients with heart failure An individual patient data meta-analysis. Circulation. 2016;133(12):1189-98.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018006
PMid:26873943 PMCid:PMC5180429
Ausili D, Barbaranelli C, Rossi E, Rebora P, Fabrizi D, Coghi C et al. Development and psychometric testing of a theory-based tool to measure self-care in diabetes patients: the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory. BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2017;17(1):1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-017-0218-y
PMid:29037177 PMCid:PMC5644085
Riegel B, Barbaranelli C, Carlson B, Sethares KA, Daus M, Moser DK et al. Psychometric testing of the revised self-care of heart failure index. The Journal of cardiovascular nursing. 2019;34(2):183.
https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000543
PMid:30303894 PMCid:PMC7179813
Baydoun M, Barton DL, Arslanian-Engoren C. A cancer specific middle-range theory of symptom self-care management: A theory synthesis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2018;74(12):2935-46.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13829
PMid:30132962
Vellone E, Riegel B, Alvaro R. The situation-specific theory of caregiver contributions to heart failure self-care. Situation specific theories: Development, utilization, and evaluation in nursing. 2021:193-206.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63223-6_14
Jonkman NH, Westland H, Trappenburg JC, Groenwold RH, Bischoff EW, Bourbeau J et al. Do self-management interventions in COPD patients work and which patients benefit most An individual patient data meta-analysis. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2016:2063-74.
https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S107884
PMid:27621612 PMCid:PMC5012618
Riegel B, Jaarsma T, Stromberg A. Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness. In: Smith MJ, Liehr PR, editors. New York: Springer Publishing Company. p. 341-54.
Riegel B, Jaarsma T, Lee CS, Strömberg A. Integrating Symptoms Into the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness. ANS Advances in nursing science. 2019;42(3):206-15.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000237
PMid:30475237 PMCid:PMC6686959
Jaarsma T, Strömberg A, Dunbar SB, Fitzsimons D, Lee C, Middleton S et al. Self-care research: How to grow the evidence base? Int J Nurs Stud. 2020;105:103555.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103555
PMid:32199150
Jonkman NH, Groenwold RHH, Trappenburg JCA, Hoes AW, Schuurmans MJ. Complex self-management interventions in chronic disease unravelled: a review of lessons learned from an individual patient data meta-analysis. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2017;83:48-56.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.01.004
PMid:28126599
Balkrishnan R. The importance of medication adherence in improving chronic-disease related outcomes: what we know and what we need to further know. LWW. 2005: 517-20.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000166617.68751.5f
PMid:15908845
Ho PM, Rumsfeld JS, Masoudi FA, McClure DL, Plomondon ME, Steiner JF, Magid DJ. Effect of medication nonadherence on hospitalization and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus. Archives of internal medicine. 2006;166(17):1836-41.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.17.1836
PMid:17000939
Teo V, Toh MR, Kwan YH, Raaj S, Tan S-YD, Tan JZY. Association between Total Daily Doses with duration of hospitalization among readmitted patients in a multi-ethnic Asian population. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2015;23(4):388-96.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2015.01.013
PMid:27134540 PMCid:PMC4834684
Robin AL, Muir KW. Medication adherence in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Expert Review of Ophthalmology. 2019;14(4-5):199-210.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17469899.2019.1635456
Liau YW, Cheow C, Leung KTY, Tan H, Low SF, Cheen HHM et al. A cultural adaptation and validation study of a self-report measure of the extent of and reasons for medication nonadherence among patients with diabetes in Singapore. Patient preference and adherence. 2019:1241-52.
https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S208736
PMid:31551654 PMCid:PMC6677377
Valdenor C, Ganesan D, Paculdo D, Schrecker J, Heltsley R, Westerfield C, et al. Clinical Variation in the Treatment Practices for Medication Nonadherence, Drug-Drug Interactions, and Recognition of Disease Progression in Patients with Chronic Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Patient Simulation Study among Primary Care Physicians. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2022;2022: 6450641.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6450641
PMid:35989865 PMCid:PMC9356885
Raj JP, Mathews B. Effect of behavioral intervention on medication adherence among elderly with select non-communicable diseases (ENDORSE): Pilot randomized controlled trial. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2020;20(11):1079-84.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14032
PMid:32896089
Trento M, Fornengo P, Amione C, Salassa M, Barutta F, Gruden G, et al. Self-management education may improve blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes A randomized controlled clinical trial. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020;30(11):1973-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.023
PMid:32811740
Parra DI, Guevara SLR, Rojas LZ. 'Teaching: individual'to improve adherence in hypertension and type 2 diabetes. British Journal of Community Nursing. 2021;26(2):84-91.
https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2021.26.2.84
PMid:33539242
Organization WH. mHealth new horizons for health through mobile technologies. mHealth: new horizons for health through mobile technologies; 2011.
Sartori AC, Rodrigues Lucena TF, Lopes CT, Picinin Bernuci M, Yamaguchi MU. Educational intervention using WhatsApp on medication adherence in hypertension and diabetes patients: a randomized clinical trial. Telemedicine and e-Health. 2020;26(12):1526-32.
https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0305
PMid:32155382
Schoenthaler A, Leon M, Butler M, Steinhaeuser K, Wardzinski W. Development and evaluation of a tailored mobile health intervention to improve medication adherence in black patients with uncontrolled hypertension and type 2 diabetes: pilot randomized feasibility trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2020;8(9):e17135.
PMid:32965230 PMCid:PMC7542413
Tu Q, Xiao LD, Ullah S, Fuller J, Du H. A transitional care intervention for hypertension control for older people with diabetes: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of advanced nursing. 2020;76(10):2696-708.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14466
PMid:32744373
Kobe EA, Diamantidis CJ, Bosworth HB, Davenport CA, Oakes M, Alexopoulos A-S et al. Racial differences in the effectiveness of a multifactorial telehealth intervention to slow diabetic kidney disease. Medical care. 2020;58(11):968.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001387
PMid:32833935 PMCid:PMC7572637
Koenigsberg MR, Corliss J. Diabetes self-management: facilitating lifestyle change. American Family Physician. 2017;96(6):362-70.
Wilkinson MJ, Manoogian EN, Zadourian A, Lo H, Fakhouri S, Shoghi A et al. Ten-hour time-restricted eating reduces weight, blood pressure, and atherogenic lipids in patients with metabolic syndrome. Cell metabolism. 2020;31(1):92-104.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.004
PMid:31813824 PMCid:PMC6953486
Hauspurg A, Seely EW, Rich-Edwards J, Hayduchok C, Bryan S, Roche AT et al. Postpartum home blood pressure monitoring and lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese individuals the first year after gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia: A pilot feasibility trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2023;130(7):715-26.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17381
PMid:36655365
Wei X, Zhang Z, Chong MK, Hicks JP, Gong W, Zou G et al. Evaluation of a package of risk-based pharmaceutical and lifestyle interventions in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes in rural China: A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS Medicine. 2021;18(7):e1003694.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003694
PMid:34197452 PMCid:PMC8284676
Taylor AH, Taylor RS, Ingram WM, Anokye N, Dean S, Jolly K et al. Adding web-based behavioural support to exercise referral schemes for inactive adults with chronic health conditions: the e-coachER RCT. Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England). 2020;24(63):1.
https://doi.org/10.3310/hta24630
PMCid:PMC7750864
Li R, Xu W, Yang P, Tan L, Ling Z, Gan X. The nursing effect of individualized management on patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2022;13:846419.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.846419
PMid:35370933 PMCid:PMC8968140
McManus RJ, Little P, Stuart B, Morton K, Raftery J, Kelly J et al. Home and Online Management and Evaluation of Blood Pressure (HOME BP) using a digital intervention in poorly controlled hypertension: randomised controlled trial. bmj. 2021;372: m4858.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4858
PMid:33468518 PMCid:PMC7814507
Oh SW, Kim K-K, Kim SS, Park SK, Park S. Effect of an integrative mobile health intervention in patients with hypertension and diabetes: crossover study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2022;10(1):e27192.
PMid:35014961 PMCid:PMC8790692
Wong AKC, Wong FKY, Chow KKS, Wong SM, Bayuo J, Ho AKY. Effect of a Mobile Health Application With Nurse Support on Quality of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Hong Kong: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open. 2022;5(11):e2241137-e.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.41137
PMid:36350651 PMCid:PMC9647479
Wong AKC, Wong FKY, Chang KKP. A proactive mobile health application program for promoting self-care health management among older adults in the community: study protocol of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Gerontology. 2020;66(5):506-13.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000509129
PMid:32772019
Steinman L, Heang H, van Pelt M, Ide N, Cui H, Rao M et al. Facilitators and barriers to chronic disease self-management and mobile health interventions for people living with diabetes and hypertension in Cambodia: qualitative study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2020;8(4):e13536.
PMid:32329737 PMCid:PMC7210501
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Galen Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
