Biocompatibility of A Nano-curcumin Pulpal Paste in Rats: Biocompatibility of a Nano-curcumin Paste

Rasoul Sahebalam; Alireza Sarraf Shirazi; Narges Ghazi; Mahshid Gifani; Berahman Sabzevari

Authors

Rasoul Sahebalam Pediatric Dentistry Department, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Alireza Sarraf Shirazi Pediatric Dentistry Department, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Narges Ghazi Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Mahshid Gifani Pediatric Dentistry Department, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Berahman Sabzevari Private Practice

Keywords:

Materials Testing; Curcumin; Metapex; Rats; Tooth; Deciduous

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to assess the biocompatibility of different concentrations of a nano-curcumin pulpal paste in rats. Materials and Methods: Polyethylene tubes containing zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), Metapex, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppm nano-curcumin pulpal paste, and an empty tube as the negative control were implanted in the back of 30 Wistar rats (7 tubes per each rat). The rats were sacrificed after 15, 30, and 60 days (10 rats at each time point). The tissue around the tubes underwent histopathological analysis. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, the specimens were evaluated for presence/absence of necrosis and calcification, number of inflammatory cells, and thickness of soft tissue capsule. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05).
Results: Necrosis was not seen in any group at any time point. No significant difference existed among the experimental groups regarding calcification at different time points (P>0.05). The fibrotic capsule was thin in all experimental groups at all time points. Rate of inflammation decreased in all experimental groups from day 15 to day 60. Among different concentrations, only 2 ppm concentration of nano-curcumin paste had no significant difference with Metapex and ZOE regarding inflammation at different time points.
Conclusion: All tested concentrations of nano-curcumin pulpal paste were biocompatible, compared with the positive controls (ZOE and Metapex); but 2 ppm concentration was the most biocompatible. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, 2 ppm concentration of nano-curcumin may be suggested for further experiments.

Author Biography

Berahman Sabzevari, Private Practice

DDS. MS. Board certified Orthodontist

References

Dummett CO, Kopel HM. Pediatric Endodontics. In Ingle and Bakland. 5th ed. Endodontics: B.C. Decker Elsevier; 2002. (pp. 861-902).

Silva LA, Leonardo MR, Oliveira DS, Silva RA, Queiroz AM, Hernandez PG, et al. Histopathological evaluation of root canal filling materials for primDummett CO, Kopel HM. Pediatric Endodontics In Ingle and Bakland 5th ed Endodontics: BC Decker. Elsevier. 2002;:861-902.

Silva LA, Leonardo MR, Oliveira DS, Silva RA, Queiroz AM, Hernandez PG, et al. Histopathological evaluation of root canal filling materials for primary teeth. Brazilian dental journal. 2010;21(1):38-45.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402010000100006

PMid:20464319

Fuks A, Peretz B. Pediatric endodontics: current concepts in pulp therapy for primary and young permanent teeth 2nd ed. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. 2016; : 83.

Segato RA, Pucinelli CM, Ferreira DC, Daldegan Ade R, Silva RS, Nelson-Filho P, et al. Physicochemical Properties of Root Canal Filling Materials for Primary Teeth. Brazilian dental journal. 2016;27(2):196-201.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600206

PMid:27058384

Barja-Fidalgo F, Moutinho-Ribeiro M, Oliveira MA, de Oliveira BH. A systematic review of root canal filling materials for deciduous teeth: is there an alternative for zinc oxide-eugenol?. ISRN dentistry. 2011;2011:367318.

https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/367318

PMid:21991471 PMCid:PMC3169841

Praveen P, Anantharaj A, Venkataraghavan K, Rani P, Sudhir R, Jaya AR. A review of obturating materials for primary teeth. SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences. 2011;2(1):42-44.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-433X.121727

Palma M, Pineiro Z, Barroso CG. Stability of phenolic compounds during extraction with superheated solvents. Journal of chromatography A. 2001;921(2):169-74.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00882-2

PMid:11471800

Joe B, Vijaykumar M, Lokesh BR. Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2004;44(2):97-111.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690490424702

PMid:15116757

Tonnesen HH, Karlsen J. Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids VI Kinetics of curcumin degradation in aqueous solution. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung. 1985;180(5):402-4.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01027775

PMid:4013525

Lopez-Lazaro M. Anticancer and carcinogenic properties of curcumin: considerations for its clinical development as a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2008;52 Suppl 1:S103-27.

https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700238

PMid:18496811

Cleary K, McFeeters RF. Effects of oxygen and turmeric on the formation of oxidative aldehydes in fresh-pack dill pickles. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2006;54(9):3421-7.

https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052868k

PMid:16637703

Gowda NK, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, Bermudez AJ, Chen YC. Efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa), containing a known level of curcumin, and a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to ameliorate the adverse effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicks. Poultry science. 2008;87(6):1125-30.

https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00313

PMid:18493001

Priyadarsini KI. Free radical reactions of curcumin in membrane models. Free radical biology & medicine. 1997;23(6):838-43.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00026-9

PMid:9378362

Mehanny M, Hathout RM, Geneidi AS, Mansour S. Exploring the use of nanocarrier systems to deliver the magical molecule; Curcumin and its derivatives. Journal of controlled release: official journal of the Controlled Release Society. 2016;225:1-30.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.018

PMid:26778694

Al-Rohaimi AH. Comparative anti-inflammatory potential of crystalline and amorphous nano curcumin in topical drug delivery. Journal of oleo science. 2015;64(1):27-40.

https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess14175

PMid:25519291

Arunraj TR, Sanoj Rejinold N, Mangalathillam S, Saroj S, Biswas R, Jayakumar R. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of curcumin nanospheres. Journal of biomedical nanotechnology. 2014;10(2):238-50.

https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2014.1786

PMid:24738332

Grynkiewicz G, Slifirski P. Curcumin and curcuminoids in quest for medicinal status. Acta biochimica Polonica. 2012;59(2):201-12.

https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2012_2139

PMid:22590694

Tsai YM, Jan WC, Chien CF, Lee WC, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Optimised nano-formulation on the bioavailability of hydrophobic polyphenol, curcumin, in freely-moving rats. Food chemistry. 2011 1;127(3):918-25.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.059

PMid:25214079

Bhawana B, Basniwal RK, Buttar HS, Jain VK, Jain N. Curcumin nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial study. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2011;59(5):2056-61.

https://doi.org/10.1021/jf104402t

PMid:21322563

Lima CC, Conde Junior AM, Rizzo MS, Moura RD, Moura MS, Lima MD, et al. Biocompatibility of root filling pastes used in primary teeth. International endodontic journal. 2015;48(5):405-16.

https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12328

PMid:24889680

Scarparo RK, Grecca FS, Fachin EV. Analysis of tissue reactions to methacrylate resin-based, epoxy resin-based, and zinc oxide-eugenol endodontic sealers. Journal of endodontics. 2009;35(2):229-32.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.10.025

PMid:19166779

Pilownic KJ, Gomes APN, Wang ZJ, Almeida LHS, Romano AR, Shen Y, et al. Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation of Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth. Brazilian dental journal. 2017;28(5):578-86.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201701573

PMid:29215682

Costa CA, Teixeira HM, do Nascimento AB, Hebling J. Biocompatibility of two current adhesive resins. Journal of endodontics. 2000;26(9):512-6.

https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200009000-00006

PMid:11199790

Queiroz AM, Assed S, Consolaro A, Nelson-Filho P, Leonardo MR, Silva RA, et al. Subcutaneous connective tissue response to primary root canal filling materials. Brazilian dental journal. 2011;22(3):203-11.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402011000300005

PMid:21915517

Molloy D, Goldman M, White RR, Kabani S. Comparative tissue tolerance of a new endodontic sealer. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1992;73(4):490-3.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(92)90332-K

PMid:1533448

Bodrumlu E, Muglali M, Sumer M, Guvenc T. The response of subcutaneous connective tissue to a new endodontic filling material. Journal of biomedical materials research Part B, Applied biomaterials. 2008;84(2):463-7.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30892

PMid:17621641

Farhad AR, Hasheminia S, Razavi S, Feizi M. Histopathologic evaluation of subcutaneous tissue response to three endodontic sealers in rats. Journal of oral science. 2011;53(1):15-21.

https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.53.15

PMid:21467810

Yaltirik M, Ozbas H, Bilgic B, Issever H. Reactions of connective tissue to mineral trioxide aggregate and amalgam. Journal of endodontics. 2004;30(2):95-9.

https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200402000-00008

PMid:14977305

Al-Ostwani AO, Al-Monaqel BM, Al-Tinawi MK. A clinical and radiographic study of four different root canal fillings in primary molars. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2016;34(1):55-9.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.175515

PMid:26838149

Gupta S, Das G. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of zinc oxide eugenol and metapex in root canal treatment of primary teeth. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2011;29(3):222-8.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.85829

PMid:21985878

Reddy S, Ramakrishna Y. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of various root canal filling materials used in primary teeth: a microbiological study. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2007 Spring;31(3):193-8.

https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.31.3.t73r4061424j2578

PMid:17550046

Onay EO, Ungor M, Ozdemir BH. In vivo evaluation of the biocompatibility of a new resin-based obturation system. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics. 2007;104(3):e60-6.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.03.006

PMid:17618139

Olsson B, Sliwkowski A, Langeland K. Subcutaneous implantation for the biological evaluation of endodontic materials. Journal of Endodontics. 1981;7(8):355-69.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(81)80057-X

PMid:7021745

Mandrol PS, Bhat K, Prabhakar AR. An in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of curcumin against human dental pulp fibroblasts. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2016;34(3):269-72.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.186757

PMid:27461812

Hugar SM, Kukreja P, Hugar SS, Gokhale N, Assudani H. Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Radiographic Success of Formocresol, Propolis, Turmeric Gel, and Calcium Hydroxide on Pulpotomized Primary Molars: A Preliminary Study. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2017;10(1):18-23.

https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1400

PMid:28377649 PMCid:PMC5360797

Purohit RN, Bhatt M, Purohit K, Acharya J, Kumar R, Garg R. Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Turmeric Powder as a Pulpotomy Medicament in Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2017;10(1):37-40.

https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1404

PMid:28377653 PMCid:PMC5360801

Prabhakar AR, Mandroli PS, Bhat K. Pulpotomy with curcumin: Histological comparison with mineral trioxide aggregate in rats. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2019;30(1):31-6.

Anand P, Nair HB, Sung B, Kunnumakkara AB, Yadav VR, Tekmal RR, Aggarwal BB. Design of curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles formulation with enhanced cellular uptake, and increased bioactivity in vitro and superior bioavailability in vivo. Biochemical pharmacology. 2010;79(3):330-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2009.09.003

PMid:19735646 PMCid:PMC3181156

Mohanty C, Sahoo SK. Curcumin and its topical formulations for wound healing applications. Drug discovery today. 2017;22(10):1582-92.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2017.07.001

PMid:28711364

Sanders JE, Rochefort JR. Fibrous encapsulation of single polymer microfibers depends on their vertical dimension in subcutaneous tissue. Journal of biomedical materials research Part A. 2003;67(4):1181-7.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.20027

PMid:14624504

ary teeth. Brazilian dental journal. 2010;21(1):38-45.

Fuks A, Peretz B, editors. Pediatric endodontics: current concepts in pulp therapy for primary and young permanent teeth. 2nd ed. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2016.p 83.

Segato RA, Pucinelli CM, Ferreira DC, Daldegan Ade R, Silva RS, Nelson-Filho P, et al. Physicochemical Properties of Root Canal Filling Materials for Primary Teeth. Brazilian dental journal. 2016;27(2):196-201.

Barja-Fidalgo F, Moutinho-Ribeiro M, Oliveira MA, de Oliveira BH. A systematic review of root canal filling materials for deciduous teeth: is there an alternative for zinc oxide-eugenol?. ISRN dentistry. 2011;2011:367318.

Praveen P, Anantharaj A, Venkataraghavan K, Rani P, Sudhir R, Jaya AR. A review of obturating materials for primary teeth. SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences. 2011;2(1):42-44.

Palma M, Pineiro Z, Barroso CG. Stability of phenolic compounds during extraction with superheated solvents. Journal of chromatography A. 2001;921(2):169-74.

Joe B, Vijaykumar M, Lokesh BR. Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2004;44(2):97-111.

Tonnesen HH, Karlsen J. Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids. VI. Kinetics of curcumin degradation in aqueous solution. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung. 1985;180(5):402-4.