To Evaluate the Effect of Vitamin D on MicroRNAs in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rat; An Animal Study

Authors

  • Fatemeh Attarian Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
  • Jina Khayatzadeh Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
  • Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
  • Saeedeh Zafar Balanezhad Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3759

Keywords:

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Vitamin-D; Micro-RNA; Long Noncoding RNA; Testosterone

Abstract

Background: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder with menstrual and ovulatory irregularities and elevated risk factors for reproductive diseases that affects women in reproductive ages. A significant number of patients with PCOS have insufficient levels of vitamin- D (Vit-D). This study aimed to investigate the effect of Vit-D on the expression of micro-RNAs in PCOS in rats. Materials and Methods: 24 female rats randomly were divided into four groups, including: 1) Control., receiving no drug (testosterone enanthate or Vit-D), 2) Pos., receiving the solvent of testosterone enanthate and Vit-D (ethanol), 3) induction of PCOS, receiving testosterone enanthate, and 4) Vit-D: treatment with Vit-D. The blood serum, used for the extraction of miR-186, mir-29, mir-21, Lnc ROR, Lnc MALA1, and H19 Lnc exosomes and the exosomes were separated from the serum. Data analysis was conducted using the ANOVA statistical test and SPSS software version 16 to examine significance at the level of p<0.05. Results: The results showed that the expression of miR-186 was significantly increased in the Vit D group compared to the PCOS group (P<0.01). Similarly, miR-21 expression was significantly higher in the Vit D group than in the PCOS group (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in miR-29 expression between the Vit D and PCOS groups (P>0.05). Additionally, the expression of LncRNA H19 (P<0.05), Lnc ROR (P<0.001), and Lnc MALAT1 (P<0.01) was significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the Vit D group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Vit-D plays a regulatory role in the expression of exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs involved in PCOS pathogenesis. Given its potential to modulate genetic factors associated with PCOS, Vit-D supplementation could be considered as a supportive therapeutic strategy for managing PCOS. However, further studies are needed to explore its precise molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.

References

Huang X, et al. Depletion of exosomal circLDLR in follicle fluid derepresses miR-1294 function and inhibits estradiol production via CYP19A1 in polycystic ovary syndrome. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(15): 15414.

https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103602

PMid:32651991 PMCid:PMC7467373

Behboodi Moghadam Z, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and its impact on Iranian women's quality of life: a population-based study. BMC Womens Health. 2018; 18(1): 164.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0658-1

PMid:30305063 PMCid:PMC6180458

Goodarzi MO, Carmina E, Azziz R, et al. Dhea, dheas and pcos. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2015; 145: 213-225.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.06.003

PMid:25008465

Huang P, et al. Identification of three potential circRNA biomarkers of polycystic ovary syndrome by bioinformatics analysis and validation. International Journal of General Medicine. 2021: 5959-5968.

https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S324126

PMid:34588800 PMCid:PMC8473987

Matevossian K ,Carpinello O. Polycystic ovary syndrome: menopause and malignancy. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology. 2021; 64(1): 102-109.

https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0000000000000560

PMid:32694295

Walters KA, Allan CM, Handelsman DJ. Rodent models for human polycystic ovary syndrome. Biology of reproduction. 2012; 86(5): 149.

https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.111.097808

PMid:22337333

TRIVAX B, AZZIZ R. Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007; 50(1): 168-177.

https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e31802f351b

PMid:17304034

Mu Y, et al. Vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome: a narrative review. Reproductive Sciences. 2021; 28:2110-2117.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00369-2

PMid:33113105

Hahn S, et al. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with insulin resistance and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes. 2006; 114(10): 577-583.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-948308

PMid:17177140

Kuyucu Y, et al. Investigation of the uterine structural changes in the experimental model with polycystic ovary syndrome and effects of vitamin D treatment: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Reproductive biology. 2018; 18(1): 53-59.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2018.01.002

PMid:29325695

Aghadavod E, et al. Evaluation of relationship between body mass index with vitamin D receptor gene expression and vitamin D levels of follicular fluid in overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. International journal of fertility & sterility. 2017; 11(2): 105.

Chan BD, et al. Exosomes in inflammation and inflammatory disease. Proteomics. 2019;19(8): 1800149.

https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201800149

PMid:30758141

Ding SQ, et al. Serum exosomal microRNA transcriptome profiling in subacute spinal cord injured rats. Genomics. 2020; 112(6): 5086-5100.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.09.021

PMid:32919018

Zhang X, et al. Exosomes in cancer: small particle, big player. Journal of hematology & oncology. 2015; 8(1): 1-13.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-015-0181-x

PMid:26156517 PMCid:PMC4496882

Yu Y, et al. MicroRNA-21 regulate the cell apoptosis and cell proliferation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) granulosa cells through target toll like receptor TLR8. Bioengineered. 2021; 12(1): 5789-5796.

https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1969193

PMid:34516355 PMCid:PMC8806582

Rusek AM, et al. MicroRNA modulators of epigenetic regulation, the tumor microenvironment and the immune system in lung cancer. Molecular cancer. 2015; 14(1): 1-10.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-015-0302-8

PMid:25743773 PMCid:PMC4333888

Balatti V, Pekarky Y, Croce CM. Role of microRNA in chronic lymphocytic leukemia onset and progression. Journal of hematology & oncology. 2015; 8(1): 1-6.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-015-0112-x

PMid:25886051 PMCid:PMC4336680

Li L, et al. Exosomal miR-186 derived from BMSCs promote osteogenesis through hippo signaling pathway in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021; 16(1): 23.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-02160-0

PMid:33413543 PMCid:PMC7791800

Grive KJ. Pathways coordinating oocyte attrition and abundance during mammalian ovarian reserve establishment. Molecular Reproduction and Development. 2020; 87(8): 843-856.

https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.23401

PMid:32720428

Song Y, et al. Altered miR-186 and miR-135a contribute to granulosa cell dysfunction by targeting ESR2: A possible role in polycystic ovary syndrome. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2019; 494: 110478.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2019.110478

PMid:31173821

Jiang L, et al. Ciculating miRNA-21 as a biomarker predicts polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in patients. Clin Lab. 2015; 61(8):1009-1015.

https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2015.150122

PMid:26427146

Naji M, et al. Differential expression of miR-93 and miR-21 in granulosa cells and follicular fluid of polycystic ovary syndrome associating with different phenotypes. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7(1): 14671.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13250-1

PMid:29116087 PMCid:PMC5676684

Dalgaard LT, et al. The microRNA-29 family: Role in metabolism and metabolic disease. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. 2022; 323(2): C367-C377.

https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00051.2022

PMid:35704699

Jiang H, et al. Diverse roles of miR-29 in cancer. Oncology reports. 2014; 31(4): 1509-1516.

https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3036

PMid:24573597

Sabol M, et al. (In) distinctive role of long non-coding RNAs in common and rare ovarian cancers. Cancers. 2021; 13(20): 5040.

https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13205040

PMid:34680193 PMCid:PMC8534192

Qin L, et al. Long non-coding RNA H19 is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women: a preliminary study. Endocrine journal. 2019; 66(7): 587-595.

https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0004

PMid:30982795

Zhang D, et al. MALAT1 is involved in the pathophysiological process of PCOS by modulating TGFβ signaling in granulosa cells. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2020; 499: 110589.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2019.110589

PMid:31557499

Çelik LS, et al. Effects of vitamin D on ovary in DHEA-treated PCOS rat model: A light and electron microscopic study. Ultrastructural pathology. 2018; 42(1): 55-64.

https://doi.org/10.1080/01913123.2017.1385668

PMid:29192811

Hadjadj L, et al. Geometric, elastic and contractile-relaxation changes in coronary arterioles induced by Vitamin D deficiency in normal and hyperandrogenic female rats. Microvascular Research. 2019; 122: 78-84.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2018.11.011

PMid:30502364

Noroozzadeh M, et al. Hormone-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review. Life sciences. 2017; 191: 259-272.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.020

PMid:29055801

Mohammad N, et al. Effect of silymarin on estradiol valerate-induced polycystic ovary syndrome. CABI Databases. 2015;25(1):e16-e26.

Sadoghi SD , Rahbariyan R. Investigation the effect of glycyrrhizic acid on ovarian follicle in polycystic ovarian syndrome mice model. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2017; 24(6):138-148.

https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.sjimu.24.6.138

Przybylski R, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in the spontaneously hypertensive heart failure [SHHF] prone rat. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2010; 20(9): 641-646.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2009.07.009

PMid:19836216 PMCid:PMC2889219

Asgharzadeh F, Attarian M, Khazaei M, Al-Asady AM, Mansoori S, Naimi H, Eskandari M, Khorrami A, Nazari SE, Aminian A, Farazastanian M. Ziziphus jujube promotes fertility and pregnancy outcomes in Rat model of uterine adhesions. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2025 Jan 27;15:1496136.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1496136

PMid:39931514 PMCid:PMC11807978

Chen J, et al. RNA profiling analysis of the serum exosomes derived from patients with chronic hepatitis and acute-on-chronic liver failure caused by HBV. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10(1): 1528.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58233-x

PMid:32001731 PMCid:PMC6992791

Li S, Chen L. Exosomes in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022 Jan 27;12:793432.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.793432

PMid:35155236 PMCid:PMC8828506

Li MY, Liu LZ, Dong M. Progress on pivotal role and application of exosome in lung cancer carcinogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Molecular Cancer. 2021; 20(1): 22.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-021-01312-y

PMid:33504342 PMCid:PMC7839206

Zhu L, et al. Isolation and characterization of exosomes for cancer research. Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 2020; 13(1): 152.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-00987-y

PMid:33168028 PMCid:PMC7652679

Mashouri L, et al. Exosomes: composition, biogenesis, and mechanisms in cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Molecular Cancer. 2019; 18(1): 75.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-019-0991-5

PMid:30940145 PMCid:PMC6444571

Salimi-Asl M, Mozdarani H, Kadivar M. Up-regulation of miR-21 and 146a expression and increased DNA damage frequency in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Bioimpacts. 2016; 6(2): 85-91.

https://doi.org/10.15171/bi.2016.12

PMid:27525225 PMCid:PMC4981253

Xiang Y, Tian Q, Guan L, Niu SS. The dual role of miR-186 in cancers: Oncomir battling with tumor suppressor miRNA. Frontiers in Oncology. 2020 Mar 5;10:233.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.00233

PMid:32195180 PMCid:PMC7066114

Yu L, et al. Correlation between steroid levels in follicular fluid and hormone synthesis related substances in its exosomes and embryo quality in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2021; 19(1): 74.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-021-00749-6

PMid:34001150 PMCid:PMC8127216

Song Y, et al. Altered miR-186 and miR-135a contribute to granulosa cell dysfunction by targeting ESR2: A possible role in polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2019; 494: 110478.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2019.110478

PMid:31173821

Sørensen AE, et al. MicroRNA Species in Follicular Fluid Associating With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Related Intermediary Phenotypes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101(4): 1579-89.

https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3588

PMid:26771704 PMCid:PMC4880172

Chen Z, et al. Metformin treatment alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome by decreasing the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 via H19/miR-29b-3p and AKT/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol. 2019; 234(11): 19964-19976.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.28594

PMid:30989649

Chen Q, et al. Plasma long non-coding RNA MALAT1 is associated with distant metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett. 2016; 12(2): 1361-1366.

https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.4800

PMid:27446438 PMCid:PMC4950178

Chen Y, et al. Down-regulation of MALAT1 aggravates polycystic ovary syndrome by regulating MiR-302d-3p-mediated leukemia inhibitory factor activity. Life Sci. 2021; 277: 119076.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119076

PMid:33465389

Li L, et al. Long non-coding RNA H19 regulates proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells via STAT3 in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Arch Med Sci. 2021 17(3): 785-791.

https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2019.89254

PMid:34025849 PMCid:PMC8130457

Zhang Z, et al. Differential expression of long non-coding RNA Regulator of reprogramming and its molecular mechanisms in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res. 2021; 14(1): 79.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-021-00829-6

PMid:34148561 PMCid:PMC8215827

Sheane B, et al. An association between microRNA-21 expression and vitamin D deficiency in coronary artery disease. Microrna. 2015; 4(1): 57-63.

https://doi.org/10.2174/2211536604666150414203919

PMid:25882990

Ross SA ,Davis CD. MicroRNA, Nutrition, and Cancer Prevention. Advances in Nutrition. 2011; 2(6): 472-485.

https://doi.org/10.3945/an.111.001206

PMid:22332090 PMCid:PMC3226385

Liu PT, et al. MicroRNA-21 targets the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway in leprosy. Nature medicine. 2012;18(2): 267-273.

https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2584

PMid:22286305 PMCid:PMC3274599

Zhou Z, et al. Vitamin D down-regulates microRNA-21 expression to promote human placental trophoblast cell migration and invasion in vitro. Nan Fang yi ke da xue xue bao= Journal of Southern Medical University. 2019; 39(4): 437-442.

Chen S, et al. H19 overexpression induces resistance to 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 by targeting VDR through miR-675-5p in colon cancer cells. Neoplasia. 2017; 19(3): 226-236.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2016.10.007

PMid:28189050 PMCid:PMC5300698

Shahrzad MK, et al. Vitamin D and non-coding RNAs: new insights into the regulation of breast cancer. Current Molecular Medicine. 2021; 21(3): 194-210.

https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524020666200712182137

PMid:32652908

Norouzi A, et al. Exploring the expression profile of vitamin D receptor and its related long non-coding RNAs in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2021; 67(8): 1113-1117.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20210451

PMid:34669855

Kaur K, Allahbadia G, Singh M. An Update on Long Non Coding RNAs as Prospective Targets for Improving Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer by Acting as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Metastasis, Getting Targeted for Inhibition of the MiaRNA they Interact with that Promote Progession Along with Predicting Prognosis-A Systemic Review. J Cell Mol Bio. 2021; 5: 014.

Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, et al. Vitamin D status influences cytokine production and MALAT1 expression from the PBMCs of patients with coronary artery disease and healthy controls. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2020; 66: 1712-1717.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.12.1712

PMid:33331582

Gheliji T, et al. Evaluation of expression of vitamin D receptor related lncRNAs in lung cancer. Non-coding RNA Research. 2020; 5(3): 83-87.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncrna.2020.05.001

PMid:32514489 PMCid:PMC7264462

Jiang YJ ,Bikle DD. Lnc RNA: a new player in 1α, 25 (OH) 2 vitamin D3/VDR protection against skin cancer formation. Experimental dermatology. 2014; 23(3): 147-150.

https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.12341

PMid:24499465 PMCid:PMC4103949

Downloads

Published

2025-03-04

How to Cite

Attarian, F., Khayatzadeh, J., Forghanifard , M. M., & Zafar Balanezhad , S. (2025). To Evaluate the Effect of Vitamin D on MicroRNAs in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rat; An Animal Study. Galen Medical Journal, 14, e3759. https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3759

Issue

Section

Original Article