Effect of Different Types of Malocclusions on Maximum Bite Force in an Iranian Population

Ali Alamdari; Abbas Salehi Vaziri; Atefe Ahmadvand

doi:10.31661/gmj.v13iSP1.3601

Authors

Ali Alamdari Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Abbas Salehi Vaziri Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Atefe Ahmadvand Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v13iSP1.3601

Keywords:

Bite Force; Dental Occlusion; Malocclusion; Overbite; Malocclusion; Angle Class III; Malocclusion; Angle Class II; Malocclusion; Angle Class I

Abstract

Background: Limited studies are available on how different malocclusion types and associated factors influence maximum bite force (MBF). Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of the types of malocclusion, overbite, and overjet on MBF in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study involved 80 participants with no prior orthodontic treatments or jaw surgeries. The type of malocclusion of the participants was determined, and their overjet and overbite were measured. Their MBF was also measured by a strain gauge. The date were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and LSD test (alpha = 0.05). Results: The mean MBF was 386.24 N in the study population (range 197 to 701 N). The mean MBF was 413.38 N, 381.11 N, and 165.33 N in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients, respectively (P<0.05). Class III patients exhibited significantly lower MBF compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Overjet and overbite had significant effects on the MBF (P<0.05). The decreased overjet group showed significantly lower MBF compared to both the normal overjet (P = 0.028) and increased overjet groups (P = 0.011). Similarly, the deep bite (P = 0.041) and edge-to-edge bite groups (P = 0.02) had significantly lower MBF compared to the normal bite group. Conclusion: The results indicated that malocclusion type significantly influenced the MBF of the study participants, with Class III patients demonstrating notably lower MBF compared to other groups.

References

Van Der Bilt A, Tekamp A, Van Der Glas H, Abbink J. Bite force and electromyograpy during maximum unilateral and bilateral clenching. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008;116(3):217-22.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00531.x

PMid:18471239

Sathyanarayana HP, Premkumar S, Manjula WS. Assessment of maximum voluntary bite force in adults with normal occlusion and different types of malocclusions. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2012;13(4):534-8.

https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1181

PMid:23151705

Bakke M. Bite force and occlusion. In Seminars in orthodontics, WB Saunders. 2006;12(2):120-126.

https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2006.01.005

Okiyama S, Ikebe K, Nokubi T. Association between masticatory performance and maximal occlusal force in young men. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30(3):278-82.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01009.x

PMid:12588500

Koc D, Dogan A, Bek B. Bite force and influential factors on bite force measurements: a literature review. European journal of dentistry. 2010 Apr;4(02):223-32.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697833

PMid:20396457 PMCid:PMC2853825

Alam MK, Alfawzan AA. Maximum voluntary molar bite force in subjects with malocclusion: multifactor analysis. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(10):300060520962943.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060520962943

PMid:33050758 PMCid:PMC7570304

Palinkas M, Nassar MS, Cecílio FA, Siéssere S, Semprini M, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Hallak JE, Regalo SC. Age and gender influence on maximal bite force and masticatory muscles thickness. Arch Oral Biol. 2010;55(10):797-802.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.06.016

PMid:20667521

Braun S, Hnat WP, Freudenthaler JW, Marcotte MR, Hönigle K, Johnson BE. A study of maximum bite force during growth and development. Angle Orthod. 1996;66(4):261-4.

Abu Alhaija ES, Al Zo'ubi IA, Al Rousan ME, Hammad MM. Maximum occlusal bite forces in Jordanian individuals with different dentofacial vertical skeletal patterns. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32(1):71-7.

https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjp069

PMid:19684125

Sasaki K, Hannam AG, Wood WW. Relationships between the size, position, and angulation of human jaw muscles and unilateral first molar bite force. Journal of dental research. 1989;68(3):499-503.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680031401

PMid:2921394

Araújo SC, Vieira MM, Gasparotto CA, Bommarito S. Bite force analysis in different types of angle malocclusions. Revista CEFAC. 2014 Sep; 16:1567-78.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620145113

Braun S, Bantleon H-P, Hnat W, Freudenthaler J, Marcotte M, Johnson B. A study of bite force, part 1: Relationship to various physical characteristics. Angle Orthod. 1995;65(5):373-7.

Bakke M, Holm B, Jensen BL, Michler L, Möller E. Unilateral, isometric bite force in 8-68-year-old women and men related to occlusal factors. Scandinavian journal of dental research. 1990;98(2):149-58.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1990.tb00954.x

PMid:2343274

Miyaura K, Matsuka Y, Morita M, Yamashita A, Watanabe T. Comparison of biting forces in different age and sex groups: A study of biting efficiency with mobile and non-mobile teeth. J Oral Rehabil. 1999;26(3):223-7.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00364.x

PMid:10194731

Tsuga K, Carlsson GE, Österberg T, Karlsson S. Self-assessed masticatory ability in relation to maximal bite force and dental state in 80-year-old subjects. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25(2):110-6.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1998.00233.x

PMid:9576595

Shinogaya T, Bakke M, Thomsen CE, Vilmann A, Matsumoto M. Bite force and occlusal load in healthy young subjects--a methodological study. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2000;8(1):11-5.

Al-Gunaid T. Bite force - What we should know: A literature review. Int J Orthod Rehabil. 2019;10(4):168.

https://doi.org/10.4103/ijor.ijor_33_19

Alam MK, Iida J. Overjet, overbite and dental midline shift as predictors of tooth size discrepancy in a Bangladeshi population and a graphical overview of global tooth size ratios. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013;71(6):1520-31.

https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2013.775336

PMid:23530813

Kadkhodazadeh M, Kermani ME, Amid R. Conservative Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation via a Crestal Approach Using Vertical Expander Screw Technique (Technical Note). J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2019;29(4):255-60.

https://doi.org/10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2020033819

PMid:32749128

Koc D, Dogan A, Bek B. Bite Force and Influential Factors on Bite Force Measurements: A Literature Review. Eur J Dent. 2010;04(02):223-32.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697833

Srikanth MM, Kumar BP, Venkatesh V, Devi VV. Evaluation of bite forces in healthy individuals. Indian J Dent Adv. 2018;10(3):101-4.

https://doi.org/10.5866/2018.10.10101

Koç D, Doǧan A, Bek B. Effect of gender, facial dimensions, body mass index and type of functional occlusion on bite force. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19(3):274-9.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572011000300017

PMid:21625746 PMCid:PMC4234342

Sondang P, Kumagai H, Tanaka E, Ozaki H, Nikawa H, Tanne K, Hamada T. Correlation between maximum bite force and craniofacial morphology of young adults in Indonesia. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2003 Nov;30(11):1109-17.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01163.x

PMid:14641677

Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Serrao G, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM. Single tooth bite forces in healthy young adults. J Oral Rehabil. 2004;31(1):18-22.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0305-182X.2003.01179.x

PMid:15125591

Chopra S, Bansal P, Bansal P. Essix Appliance: An Innovation Modification for use as Temporary Bridge-A Case Report. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res. 2020;8(1):184-6.

Garcia MA, Rios D, Honório HM, Trindade-Suedam IK. Bite force of children with repaired unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Arch Oral Biol. 2016;68:83-7.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.019

PMid:27107381

English JD, Buschang PH, Throckmorton GS. Does malocclusion affect masticatory performance? Angle Orthod. 2002;72(1):21-7.

Trawitzki LVV, Silva JB, Regalo SCH, Mello-Filho F V. Effect of class II and class III dentofacial deformities under orthodontic treatment on maximal isometric bite force. Arch Oral Biol. 2011;56(10):972-6.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.02.018

PMid:21440242

Alomari SA, Alhaija ESA. Occlusal bite force changes during 6 months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Aust Orthod J. 2012;28(2):197-203.

https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2012-0017

Henrikson T, Ekberg EC, Nilner M. Masticatory efficiency and ability in relation to occlusion and mandibular dysfunction in girls. Int J Prosthodont. 1998;11(2):125-32.

Turkistani KA, Alkayyal MA, Abbassy MA, Al-Dharrab AA, Zahran MH, Melis M, Zawawi KH. Comparison of occlusal bite force distribution in subjects with different occlusal characteristics. Cranio. 2023;41(3):204-11.

https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2020.1830662

PMid:33074797

Garner LD, Kotwal NS. Correlation Study of Incisive Biting Forces with Age, Sex, and Anterior Occlusion. J Dent Res. 1973;52(4):698-702.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345730520041001

PMid:4515849

Ow RK, Carlsson GE, Jemt T. Biting forces in patients with craniomandibular disorders. Cranio. 1989;7(2):119-25.

https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.1989.11678274

PMid:2611902