Investigating Maxillary Sinus and Buccal Bone Biometrics via Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in an Iranian Sample

Authors

  • Shahriar Shahi 1-Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran /2-Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • Sahar Ghanbaran Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
  • Emad Movahed School of Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
  • AmirMohammad Moharrami Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • Afsaneh Nekouei Dentistry Faculty Shahr_E_Kord University of Medical Science, Iran
  • Meysam Mohammadikhah Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
  • Shaghayegh Ghadimi Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.vi.3935

Keywords:

Maxillary Sinus; CBCT; Buccal Bone Thickness; Root Apex; Anatomical Variations

Abstract

Background: The maxillary sinus’s close anatomical relationship with posterior teeth roots presents significant challenges in dental and surgical procedures, with variations in sinus morphology influencing clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate maxillary sinus biometrics and buccal bone thickness using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 210 CBCT scans was conducted, measuring root apex proximity to the maxillary sinus floor (MSF) and buccal cortical bone thickness. Results: Findings revealed that 53.06% of right third molar roots protruded into the MSF, while only 2% of left first premolars did. The mesiobuccal root of the third molar had the shortest distance to the MSF (-1.38 ± 0.89 mm), whereas the palatal root of the first premolar was farthest (9.81 ± 3.93 mm). Buccal bone thickness was thinnest at the first premolar (1.21 mm) and thickest at the third molar palatal root (13.23 mm), with significant differences observed among molar roots. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of CBCT in preoperative planning to minimize complications during apical surgery and implant placement, particularly in cases involving posterior maxillary teeth.

References

Chanavaz M. Maxillary sinus: anatomy, physiology, surgery, and bone grafting related to implantology--eleven years of surgical experience (1979-1990). J Oral Implantol. 1989;16(3):199-209.

Nkenke E, Stelzle F. Clinical outcomes of sinus floor augmentation for implant placement using autogenous bone or bone substitutes: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20(s4):124-33.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01776.x

PMid:19663959

Unger JM. An Atlas of Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses. Radiology. 1994;192(3):708.

https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.192.3.708

Phothikhun S, Suphanantachat S, Chuenchompoonut V, Nisapakultorn K. Cone-beam computed tomographic evidence of the association between periodontal bone loss and mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;83(5):557-64.

https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2011.110376

PMid:21910593

White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.

Khongkhunthian P, Reichart PA. Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus as a complication of overfilling root canal material into the sinus report of two cases. J Endod. 2001;27(7):476-8.

https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200107000-00011

PMid:11504001

Yamaguchi K, Matsunaga T, Hayashi Y. Gross extrusion of endodontic obturation materials into the maxillary sinus: a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(1):131-4.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.021

PMid:17368059

Razumova S , Brago A , Howijieh A , Manvelyan A, Barakat H , Baykulova M. Evaluation of the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the root apices of the maxillary posterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomographic scanning. J Conserv Dent. 2019;22(2):139-143.

https://doi.org/10.4103/JCD.JCD_530_18

PMid:31142982 PMCid:PMC6519191

Kang SH, Kim BS, Kim Y. Proximity of posterior teeth to the maxillary sinus and buccal bone thickness a biometric assessment using cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod. 2015;41(11):1839-46.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.011

PMid:26411520

Kwak HH, Park HD, Yoon HR ,Kang MK, Koh KS, Kim HJ. Topographic anatomy of the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus in Koreans. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;33(4):382-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2003.10.012

PMid:15145042

Kalkur CH, Sattur A, Guttal KS, Naikmasur VG, Burde K. Correlation between maxillary sinus floor topography and relative root position of posterior teeth using Orthopantomograph and Digital Volumetric Tomography. Asian J Med Sci. 2017; 8(1): 26-31.

https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v8i1.15878

Hekmatian E, Mehdizadeh M, Iranmanesh P, Mosayebi N. Comparative evaluation of the distance between the apices of posterior maxillary teeth and the maxillary sinus floor in cross-sectional and panoramic views in CBCT. J Isfahan Dent Sch. 2014; 10(2): 145-153.

Zangeneh L. Evaluation of the position of the apex of posterior maxillary teeth relative to the maxillary sinus using CBCT [Doctoral dissertation]. Hamedan: School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences; 2013.

Farhad A. Investigation of the distance of the maxillary and mandibular molar roots from maxillary sinus and mandibular canal by CBCT (Cone-Beam Computed Tomography) [Doctoral dissertation]. Isfahan: School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; 2017.

Freisfeld M, Drescher D, Schellmann B, Schuller H. The maxillary sixth-year molar and its relation to the maxillary sinus A comparative study between the panoramic tomogram and the computed tomogram. Fortschr Kieferorthop. 1993;54(5):179-86.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02341464

PMid:8244214

DehghaniTafti M, Ghanea S, NavabAzam A, Ezzodini F, Motallebi E. Investigating the Correlation between Panoramic and CBCT of Roots of Posterior Upper Teeth with Maxillary Sinus Floor. JSSU. 2015; 23 (6) :570-579.

Von Arx T, Fodich I, Bornstein MM. Proximity of premolar roots to maxillary sinus: a radiographic survey using cone-beam computed tomography. Journal of endodontics. 2014 Oct 1;40(10):1541-8.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2014.06.022

PMid:25129024

Poorebrahim N, Sabetian SH, Dehkhodaei S. Evaluation of the mean distance between the apex of the posterior maxillary and canine teeth to the floor of the maxillary sinus in an Iranian population [GDD Thesis]. Isfahan, Iran: School of Dentistry. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; 1996.

Mogharrabi S, Ahmadzadeh A, Ghodsi S, Bazmi F, Valizadeh S. Measuring the thickness of buccal cortical bone of maxillary premolar teeth by cone beam computed tomography technique. JDM. 2020; 33(1):38-45

Tsigarida A, Toscano J, de Brito Bezerra B, Geminiani A, Barmak AB, Caton J, Papaspyridakos P, Chochlidakis K. Buccal bone thickness of maxillary anterior teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Nov;47(11):1326-1343.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13347

PMid:32691437

Jin SH, Park JB, Kim N, Park S, Kim KJ, Kim Y, Kook YA, Ko Y. The thickness of alveolar bone at the maxillary canine and premolar teeth in normal occlusion. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2012;42(5):173-8.

https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2012.42.5.173

PMid:23185698 PMCid:PMC3498302

Downloads

Published

2025-10-20

How to Cite

Shahi, S., Ghanbaran , S., Movahed, E., Moharrami, A., Nekouei, A., Mohammadikhah, M., & Ghadimi, S. (2025). Investigating Maxillary Sinus and Buccal Bone Biometrics via Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in an Iranian Sample. Galen Medical Journal, e3935. https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.vi.3935

Issue

Articles in Press

Section

Original Article

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Galen Medical Journal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/