Transformative Approaches to Biomarker Assessment and Clinical Profiles in Pulmonary Hypertension Patients

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological condition characterized by elevated blood pressure within the pulmonary arteries. It can lead to significant complications in multiple organ systems, particularly the kidneys and heart. The hemodynamic burden imposed by PH contributes to impaired renal perfusion and may precipitate cardiac dysfunction, eventually resulting in heart failure. The study attempted to prove the relationship between pulmonary hypertension and vascular damage on the one hand, and on the other hand to study the effect of pulmonary hypertension on kidney function by estimating nitrogen compounds in the blood. Materials and Methods: This case-control study involved 62 patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension and 28 healthy individuals without any history of PH, chronic diseases, infections, or genetic disorders. All participants were recruited from the Respiratory Unit of Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded for all subjects. Serum levels of urea and creatinine were measured using spectrophotometric techniques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to quantify insulin, homocysteine, and potassium channel subfamily K member 3 (KCNK3) levels. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, insulin, glucose, and homocysteine levels among PH patients compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, KCNK3 levels were significantly reduced in the PH group. No statistically significant gender-based differences were observed in any of the measured parameters, except for urea, which showed a significant difference between males and females. Conclusion: The findings indicate that pulmonary hypertension is associated with renal impairment and altered cardiac biomarkers. The observed biochemical alterations suggest that PH adversely affects kidney function and may contribute to cardiac insufficiency. These results underscore the importance of early renal and cardiac monitoring in patients with pulmonary hypertension to prevent further systemic complications.