The Statistical Scalpel: Sharpening Clinical Research Through Statistical Literacy in Neurosurgery: A Short Review

Ehsan Jangholi; Parivash Hafez Amini; Neda Pak; Atieh Hosseinkhani; Kamkar Aeinfar; Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi; Milad Shafizadeh; Mohammadreza Boustani

doi:10.31661/gmj.v15i.4142

Authors

Ehsan Jangholi Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Parivash Hafez Amini Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
Neda Pak Department of Radiology, Children Medical Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Atieh Hosseinkhani Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kamkar Aeinfar Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Milad Shafizadeh Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammadreza Boustani Department of Neurosurgery, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v15i.4142

Keywords:

Biostatistics, Neurosurgery, Research Methodology, Evidence-Based Medicine, Statistical Tests

Abstract

Modern neurosurgery clearly relies on evidence-based medicine. The integrity, interpretation, and application of research depended on a solid understanding of the statistical methods used. This review highlights the important need for neurosurgeons and trainees to gain proficiency in basic statistical concepts. We emphasize this need throughout the research process—from forming hypotheses and defining variables to selecting tests, analyzing power, and interpreting key indices. Also, we provide practical guides for choosing suitable statistical tests and translating research findings into useful clinical metrics. We believe that statistical literacy is not an extra skill but a key part of clinical expertise and academic success. It allows neurosurgeons to evaluate literature, conduct valid research, and effectively apply evidence in patient care.

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