Preventive Effect of Different Wild Pistachio Oils on Oxidative Stress Markers, Liver Enzymes, and Histopathological Findings in a Metabolic Syndrome Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v8i.1238Keywords:
Wild Pistacia, Oils, Liver Function Tests, Insulin ResistanceAbstract
Background: Wild pistachio (Pistacia Atlantica mutica) species with wide distribution in Iran have different nutrition properties and may have therapeutic effects in metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome, as a prevalent health problem, is a main risk factor for different chronic diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of mixture, kernel, and hull oil of wild pistachio (WP) on oxidative stress markers, liver function and histopathological findings in metabolic syndrome induced rats. Materials and Methods: After oil extraction by cold press method and chemical analysis, rats were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 received normal saline;Â group 2 received 2cc fructose solution and 0.5cc normal saline; and groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 received 2 cc fructose solution and 0.5 cc sunflower oil, mixture, hull and kernel oils of WP for 10 weeks, respectively. Then, glycemic indices, oxidative stress, liver enzymes and histopathological examination were determined using standard laboratory tests. Results: WP Kernel and mixture oils notably decreased the fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance compared with the fructose group. Insulin level was significantly increased in the kernel oil group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in oxidative stress, liver enzymes and histopathology parameters among the groups. Conclusion: Kernel oil of WP improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and insulin secretion, but the changes in oxidative stress markers, liver enzymes and histopathologic results were not significant among the groups. [GMJ.2019;8:e1238]
References
DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes care. 1991;14(3):173-94. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.14.3.173PMid:2044434 Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005;365(9468):1415-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7 Trevisan M, Liu J, Bahsas FB, Menotti A, Factor R, Group LER. Syndrome X and mortality: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;148(10):958-66. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009572PMid:9829867 Zimmet P, Magliano D, Matsuzawa Y, Alberti G, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome: a global public health problem and a new definition. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2005;12(6):295-300. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.12.295PMid:16394610 Grundy SM, Brewer HB, Cleeman JI, Smith SC, Lenfant C. Definition of metabolic syndrome. Circulation. 2004;109(3):433-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6PMid:14744958 Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH, Brown DW. The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations. Diabetes. 2003;52(9):2346-52. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2346PMid:12941775 Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Azadbakht L, Hu FB, Willett WC. Dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(3):910-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.3.910PMid:17344515 Riccardi G, Rivellese A. Dietary treatment of the metabolic syndrome-the optimal diet. Br J Nutr. 2000;83(S1):S143-S8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114500001082 Freire RD, Cardoso MA, Gimeno SG, Ferreira SR. Dietary fat is associated with metabolic syndrome in Japanese Brazilians. Diabetes care. 2005;28(7):1779-85. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.7.1779PMid:15983334 Tierney AC, McMonagle J, Shaw D, Gulseth H, Helal O, Saris W, et al. Effects of dietary fat modification on insulin sensitivity and on other risk factors of the metabolic syndrome-LIPGENE: a European randomized dietary intervention study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(6):800-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.209PMid:20938439 Pourreza M, Shaw JD, Zangeneh H. Sustainability of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) in Zagros forests, Iran. For Ecol Manage. 2008;255(11):3667-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.057 Farhoosh R, Tavakoli J, Khodaparast MHH. Chemical composition and oxidative stability of kernel oils from two current subspecies of Pistacia atlantica in Iran. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 2008;85(8):723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-008-1258-2 Farhoosh R, Khodaparast MHH, Sharif A. Bene hull oil as a highly stable and antioxidative vegetable oil. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 2009;111(12):1259-65. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900081 Delazar A, Reid R, Sarker S. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil from the oleoresin of Pistacia atlantica var. mutica. Chem Nat Compd. 2004;40(1):24-7. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000025459.72590.9e Haghdoost F, Baradaran Mahdavi MM, Zandifar A, Sanei MH, Zolfaghari B, Javanmard SH. Pistacia atlantica resin has a dose-dependent effect on angiogenesis and skin burn wound healing in rat. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;13(6):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/893425PMid:24285978 PMCid:PMC3826334 Bozorgi M, Memariani Z, Mobli M, Salehi Surmaghi MH, Shams-Ardekani MR, Rahimi R. Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): a review of their traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;15(3):1-33. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815PMid:24453812 PMCid:PMC3876903 Benhammou N, Bekkara FA, Panovska TK. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Pistacia lentiscus and Pistacia atlantica extracts. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;2(2):022-8. Saber-Tehrani M, Givianrad M, Aberoomand-Azar P, Waqif-Husain S, Jafari Mohammadi S. Chemical composition of Iran's pistacia atlantica cold-pressed oil. J Chem. 2012; 2013(7):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/126106 Wani FA, Albahrawy AZ, Rahiman S. Hypolipidemic activity of olive oil (olea europaea) against high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Open Journal of Pathology. 2015;5(03):73. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpathology.2015.53011 Barbosa C, Albuquerque E, Faria E, Oliveira H, Castilho L. Opposite lipemic response of Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice to dietary glucose or fructose supplementation. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2007;40(3):323-31. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2007000300007PMid:17334529 Maedler K, Oberholzer J, Bucher P, Spinas GA, Donath MY. Monounsaturated fatty acids prevent the deleterious effects of palmitate and high glucose on human pancreatic β-cell turnover and function. Diabetes. 2003;52(3):726-33. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.3.726PMid:12606514 Parillo M, Rivellese A, Ciardullo A, Capaldo B, Giacco A, Genovese S, et al. A high-monounsaturated-fat/low-carbohydrate diet improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1992;41(12):1373-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(92)90111-M Rocca AS, LaGreca J, Kalitsky J, Brubaker PL. Monounsaturated fatty acid diets improve glycemic tolerance through increased secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Endocrinology. 2001;142(3):1148-55. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.3.8034PMid:11181530 Garg A. High-monounsaturated-fat diets for patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(3):577S-82S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/67.3.577SPMid:9497173 Ryan M, McInerney D, Owens D, Collins P, Johnson A, Tomkin G. Diabetes and the Mediterranean diet: a beneficial effect of oleic acid on insulin sensitivity, adipocyte glucose transport and endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity. QJM. 2000;93(2):85-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/93.2.85PMid:10700478 Maritim A, Sanders a, Watkins J, 3rd. Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2003;17(1):24-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.10058PMid:12616644 Ceriello A, Motz E. Is oxidative stress the pathogenic mechanism underlying insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease? The common soil hypothesis revisited. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24(5):816-23. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000122852.22604.78PMid:14976002 Coppey LJ, Gellett JS, Davidson EP, Dunlap JA, Lund DD, Yorek MA. Effect of antioxidant treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats on endoneurial blood flow, motor nerve conduction velocity, and vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve. Diabetes. 2001;50(8):1927-37. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1927PMid:11473057 Vessby B, Uusitupa M, Hermansen K, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Tapsell LC, et al. Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: The KANWU Study. Diabetologia. 2001;44(3):312-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250051620PMid:11317662 Fakour S, Heydari S, Akradi L, Rahymi Bane R. Effect of Pistacia atlantica Mastic Extract on Experimental Wound Healing and Various Biochemical Parameters of Blood Serum in Rabbit Models. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2017;3(63):78-91. Mohammadi Karizno F, Saghebjoo M, Foadoddini M, Sarir H. The role of aerobic training and Pistacia atlantica extract on the levels of protein carbonyl, heat shock protein 70, and glycogen in the liver tissue of diabetic rats. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2014;21(1):35-47. Tolooei M, Mirzaei A. Effects of Pistacia Atlantica extract on erythrocyte membrane rigidity, oxidative stress, and hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;7(7):32. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n7p32PMid:26153201 PMCid:PMC4803997 Djerroua Z, Hamdi-Pacha Y, Belkhiri A, Djaalab H, Riachia F, Serakta M, et al. Evaluation of Pistacia lentiscus fatty oil effects on glycemic index, liver functions and kidney functions of New Zealand rabbits. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011;8(5S). https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.27PMid:22754077 PMCid:PMC3252718
